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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

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FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis
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Too many ends: aberrant transposition.

Clifford F Weil1

  • 1Agronomy Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. cweil@purdue.edu

Genes & Development
|May 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maize Ac/Ds transposons can cause genome rearrangements like translocations. This occurs when the Ac transposase incorrectly uses DNA from two nearby transposon elements during transposition.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Maize Ac/Ds elements are known mobile genetic elements.
  • Transposition is a fundamental process in genome dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which maize Ac/Ds transposons mediate genomic rearrangements.
  • To understand the role of Ac transposase in aberrant transposition events.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of transposition events mediated by maize Ac/Ds elements.
  • Examination of the Ac transposase function in relation to element ends.

Main Results:

  • Maize Ac/Ds transposons mediate translocations and rearrangements.
  • Aberrant execution of normal transposition underlies these events.
  • Ac transposase utilizes one end from two neighboring elements in these rearrangements.

Conclusions:

  • The mechanism described may contribute significantly to genome instability.
  • Scattered transposon ends in genomes can lead to frequent rearrangement events.
  • Understanding these aberrant transposition processes is crucial for genome research.