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Mass Analyzers: Common Types

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...

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Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Optical Trap Loading of Dielectric Microparticles In Air

Optical Trap Loading of Dielectric Microparticles In Air

Published on: February 5, 2017

An all optical dynamical dark trap for neutral atoms.

P Rudy, R Ejnisman, A Rahman

|May 7, 2009

Summary

Researchers created a novel Rotating Off-resonant Dipole Optical (RODiO) Trap for atoms. This dynamical optical trap uses a scanned laser beam to confine atoms, showing good agreement with theoretical models.

Area of Science:

Atomic Physics
Quantum Optics
Laser Spectroscopy

Background:

Optical traps are crucial for manipulating and studying atoms.
Existing techniques face limitations in dynamic control and spatial configuration.
Development of novel trapping methods is essential for advancing atomic physics research.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally demonstrate a new dynamical optical trap for atoms.
To characterize the performance of the Rotating Off-resonant Dipole Optical (RODiO) Trap.
To validate the trap's behavior using a numerical model.

Main Methods:

Experimental realization of the Rotating Off-resonant Dipole Optical (RODiO) Trap.
Utilizing a blue detuned, circularly scanned laser beam to create a time-averaged "box" potential.

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Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Optical Trap Loading of Dielectric Microparticles In Air

Optical Trap Loading of Dielectric Microparticles In Air

Published on: February 5, 2017

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Systematic characterization by varying trapping geometry and laser beam parameters.

Main Results:

Successful experimental creation of the dynamical optical trap.
Demonstration of atomic confinement using the RODiO trap.
Observed trapping characteristics align well with predictions from a numerical model.

Conclusions:

The RODiO trap represents a novel and effective method for dynamical atomic confinement.
The experimental results validate the theoretical understanding and numerical modeling of the trap.
This technique offers new possibilities for controlled atom manipulation in various atomic physics applications.