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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Ionization Energy03:12

Ionization Energy

The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called its first ionization energy (IE1). The first ionization energy for an element, X, is the energy required to form a cation with 1+ charge:
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram01:25

Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram

Luminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy, is a process that involves the interaction of molecules with light. The energy-level diagram, or Jablonski diagram, is a graphical representation of these interactions, illustrating the various states and transitions a molecule can undergo. In a typical Jablonski diagram, the lowest horizontal line represents the ground-state energy of the molecule, which is usually a singlet state. This state represents the energies...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

Atomic dynamics in single and multi-photon double ionization: An experimental comparison.

T Weber, M Weckenbrock, A Staudte

    Optics Express
    |May 7, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We studied how rare gas atoms lose two electrons using laser light and synchrotron radiation. Electron correlation plays a key role in both multi-photon and single-photon absorption processes.

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    Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

    Published on: February 14, 2014

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    Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
    08:22

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    Published on: August 6, 2018

    Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
    06:53

    Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

    Published on: July 27, 2018

    Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown
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    Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

    Published on: February 14, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Atomic Physics
    • Quantum Mechanics
    • Chemical Physics

    Background:

    • Electron correlation is crucial in atomic ionization processes.
    • Understanding multi-photon and single-photon ionization mechanisms provides insight into electron dynamics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and compare the double ionization of rare gas atoms via multi-photon and single-photon absorption.
    • To analyze the role of electron correlation in these distinct ionization pathways.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the COLTRIMS (Cold Target Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy) multi-particle imaging technique.
    • Employed 800 nm (1.5 eV) femtosecond laser pulses for multi-photon absorption.
    • Used synchrotron radiation for single-photon absorption experiments.

    Main Results:

    • Observed and analyzed the three-body final state momentum distributions for both ionization processes.
    • Identified similarities and differences in the momentum distributions, highlighting the influence of electron correlation.

    Conclusions:

    • Electron correlation is a fundamental mechanism governing both multi-photon and single-photon double ionization in rare gases.
    • The COLTRIMS technique provides detailed insights into the complex dynamics of atomic ionization.