Zygomatic fractures presenting to a tertiary trauma centre, 1996-2006

The zygoma occupies an anatomically prominent position in the face. Fracture of the zygoma is a common facial injury and can be associated with significant functional deficit and cosmetic disfigurement. From a database of patients presenting to a tertiary trauma centre during an 11-year period, 941 individuals with zygomatic fractures were identified. Variables examined included demographic characteristics, type of fracture, mode of injury and treatment delivered. The study found a male-to-female ratio of 8:2. The age of patients at presentation ranged between 1 and 93 years, with a mean age of 36 years. Interpersonal violence was the most common cause of injury. Alcohol was involved in 47% of cases. Of the 52% of patients who had surgery, 61% required internal fixation. Some 62% of patients were hospitalised. In conclusion, most zygomatic fractures presenting to the Unit occurred in males. Interpersonal violence was the most common aetiological factor, with alcohol an important contributor. Hospitalisation and surgery were required for a large proportion of the fractures.