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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...

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Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
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Drug delivery systems for the eye.

Victoria R Kearns1, Rachel L Williams

  • 1Clinical Engineering and Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK.

Expert Review of Medical Devices
|May 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Developing new drug delivery systems for eye diseases is crucial due to inefficient topical and systemic administration. This review explores advanced ocular drug delivery methods, including colloidal carriers and gene therapy, for sustained and targeted treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Current topical and systemic drug administration to the eye is inefficient, especially for posterior segment diseases.
  • There is a significant need for controlled and sustained drug release mechanisms in ocular treatments.
  • Emerging alternatives like gene therapy and cell transplantation require effective delivery methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current treatment options and delivery barriers for ocular diseases.
  • To discuss the design of existing ocular drug delivery systems.
  • To highlight research on integrating drug delivery with existing ocular medical devices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ocular drug delivery devices and systems.
  • Analysis of non-implantable and implantable drug delivery strategies.
  • Exploration of colloidal carriers for targeted delivery and protection of sensitive treatments (e.g., RNA/DNA).

Main Results:

  • Various drug delivery devices, including colloidal carriers, are being developed for improved ocular drug delivery.
  • Gene therapy and cell transplantation show promise as alternative treatments.
  • Existing ocular devices present an opportunity for drug delivery integration with modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing ocular drug delivery requires modifications to both drugs and devices, alongside dose clarification.
  • Combining advanced drug delivery systems with existing ocular devices holds significant potential for treating eye diseases.
  • Further research is needed to fully exploit the integration of drug delivery technologies with ocular medical devices.