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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
11:39

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 21, 2017

Autophagy: from basic science to clinical application.

J Van Limbergen1, C Stevens, E R Nimmo

  • 1Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK. johanvanlimbergen@hotmail.com

Mucosal Immunology
|May 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy, a cellular recycling process, is crucial for survival during starvation and plays a role in various diseases. Manipulating autophagy offers therapeutic potential for conditions like Crohn's disease.

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Cell-Based Drug Screening for Inhibitors of Autophagy Related 4B Cysteine Peptidase
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Cell-Based Drug Screening for Inhibitors of Autophagy Related 4B Cysteine Peptidase

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
11:39

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 21, 2017

Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice
08:44

Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice

Published on: February 3, 2017

Cell-Based Drug Screening for Inhibitors of Autophagy Related 4B Cysteine Peptidase
09:51

Cell-Based Drug Screening for Inhibitors of Autophagy Related 4B Cysteine Peptidase

Published on: June 30, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular degradation pathway, crucial for adaptation to nutrient deprivation.
  • It involves the recycling of cellular components to maintain essential functions during starvation.
  • Emerging evidence links autophagy to diverse clinical conditions, including infections, cancer, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and molecular regulation of autophagy.
  • To summarize the clinical relevance of autophagy in various diseases.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of modulating autophagy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of autophagy mechanisms.
  • Analysis of molecular regulation pathways.
  • Synthesis of clinical data and disease associations.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy encompasses both nonselective and selective degradation processes.
  • Autophagy genes are implicated in genetic susceptibility to diseases like Crohn's disease.
  • Dysregulation of autophagy is linked to pathogenesis in cancer, neurodegenerative, and immune-mediated diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is a critical cellular process with broad clinical implications.
  • Selective autophagy may be particularly important in immune-mediated diseases.
  • Targeting autophagy presents a promising therapeutic strategy for various human diseases.