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Related Concept Videos

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:28

Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

Three-dimensional imaging techniques are essential in cell biology, allowing researchers to visualize intricate cellular structures with high resolution. Two prominent methods, Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM), provide distinct advantages for imaging live and thick specimens, respectively.Differential Interference Contrast MicroscopyDIC microscopy enhances contrast in transparent, unstained samples by converting phase...
Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.
Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects
10:16

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects

Published on: February 8, 2014

High depth of field microscopic imaging using an interferometric camera.

P Potuluri, M Fetterman, D Brady

    Optics Express
    |May 8, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel microscope integrating rotational shear interferometry (RSI) with objective lenses. The instrument achieves simultaneous high numerical aperture and high depth of field imaging, enhancing microscopy capabilities.

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    Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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    Published on: February 8, 2014

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    11:57

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    Published on: December 1, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Optical microscopy
    • Interferometry
    • Coherence imaging

    Background:

    • Traditional microscopes face trade-offs between numerical aperture (NA) and depth of field (DOF).
    • Achieving both high NA and high DOF simultaneously is crucial for detailed 3D imaging in various scientific fields.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and demonstrate a microscope system that overcomes the NA-DOF limitation.
    • To integrate rotational shear interferometer (RSI)-based coherence imaging with a high-NA objective lens.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a microscope incorporating an RSI module and a high numerical aperture objective lens.
    • Utilizing coherence imaging principles for enhanced optical sectioning and resolution.
    • Experimental validation of the integrated system's performance.

    Main Results:

    • The designed microscope successfully achieves simultaneous high numerical aperture and high depth of field imaging.
    • Experimental results demonstrate the effective operation and capabilities of the novel instrument.
    • The system provides a new approach for advanced microscopic visualization.

    Conclusions:

    • The combined RSI and objective lens system offers a significant advancement in microscopy design.
    • This instrument enables simultaneous high-resolution and extended depth imaging, beneficial for biological and material sciences.
    • Further development could expand applications in fields requiring detailed 3D microscopic analysis.