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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...
Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers, unexplained...
Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
Patient...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Murine Endoscopy for In Vivo Multimodal Imaging of Carcinogenesis and Assessment of Intestinal Wound Healing and Inflammation
09:42

Murine Endoscopy for In Vivo Multimodal Imaging of Carcinogenesis and Assessment of Intestinal Wound Healing and Inflammation

Published on: August 26, 2014

Status of endoscopes and instruments used during NOTES.

Paul Swain1, Herman S Bagga, Li-Ming Su

  • 1Department of Biosurgery and Technology, Imperial College, London University, United Kingdom. PaulSwain1@compuserve.com

Journal of Endourology
|May 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) faces challenges with current flexible instruments. Developing novel instruments and platforms is crucial for advancing endosurgery capabilities.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Murine Endoscopy for In Vivo Multimodal Imaging of Carcinogenesis and Assessment of Intestinal Wound Healing and Inflammation
09:42

Murine Endoscopy for In Vivo Multimodal Imaging of Carcinogenesis and Assessment of Intestinal Wound Healing and Inflammation

Published on: August 26, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Instrumentation

Background:

  • Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) involves intentional perforation for endoscope access to inaccessible body cavities.
  • Current flexible endoscopic instruments have significant limitations for NOTES procedures.
  • Existing tools like needle knives, guidewires, and forceps are often unsuitable for NOTES.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the limitations of current flexible instruments in NOTES.
  • To describe the development of novel instruments and technologies for endosurgery.
  • To highlight advancements that could improve NOTES procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review and description of limitations of existing flexible endoscopic instruments for NOTES.
  • Identification and description of newly developed suturing instruments, trocars, articulating instruments, forceps, clips, magnetic devices, and staplers.
  • Discussion of novel platforms, articulating accessories, and unconventional scope arrangements for endosurgery.

Main Results:

  • Current flexible instruments are largely unsuited for the demands of NOTES.
  • Novel instruments including articulating devices, rigidizable platforms, and specialized accessories are being developed.
  • Advancements in manual mechanical manipulators for flexible accessories are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • The primary benefit of NOTES may be its role in driving the development of superior endosurgical instrumentation.
  • Further innovation in flexible and articulating instruments is essential for the widespread adoption and success of NOTES.
  • NOTES necessitates the creation of advanced tools to overcome current technical barriers in minimally invasive surgery.