Cesarean section scar mimicking uterine malignant neoplasm at positron emission tomography/computed tomography

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a functional imaging method of metabolic processes and is being used extensively in gynecologic oncology for treatment planning. However, some hypermetabolic conditions may mimic malignant neoplasms. We report a case with a positive finding at PET/CT examination of the uterus that proved to be a cesarean section scar with high expression of glucose transporter-1 and glucose transporter-4. This case report emphasizes the value of the knowledge of patient history and awareness of the limitations of PET/CT to enable a correct diagnosis in patients with positive findings at PET/CT examination.