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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

In Vivo Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Structure, Function, Perfusion and Viability Using Cardiac Micro-computed Tomography
08:13

In Vivo Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Structure, Function, Perfusion and Viability Using Cardiac Micro-computed Tomography

Published on: February 16, 2016

Age-specific reference intervals for indexed left ventricular mass in children.

Philip R Khoury1, Mark Mitsnefes, Stephen R Daniels

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography
|May 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary

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Left ventricular mass indexed to height(2.7) shows little variation in children over 9 years old. However, values in younger children vary significantly, requiring age-specific percentile curves for accurate assessment of cardiac health.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Echocardiography
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Left ventricular mass (LVM) indexing is crucial for assessing cardiac health in children.
  • The standard LVM indexing method (LVM/height^2.7) is well-established for older children.
  • Understanding LVM/height^2.7 variations in younger children is essential for accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish normal values for LVM/height^2.7 in the pediatric age group.
  • To determine the variability of LVM/height^2.7 across different pediatric age ranges.
  • To provide reference data for pediatric cardiology assessments.

Main Methods:

  • M-mode echocardiography was performed on 2,273 healthy, nonobese children (aged 0-18 years).
  • Left ventricular mass was calculated and indexed to height raised to the power of 2.7 (LVM/height^2.7).

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  • Quantile curves (5th-95th percentile) were constructed for LVM/height^2.7 based on age and sex.

    • Main Results:

    • In children over 9 years old, median LVM/height^2.7 remained relatively stable (27-32 g/m^2.7).
    • In children under 9 years old, LVM/height^2.7 showed significant age-related variation.
    • Newborns and infants exhibited LVM/height^2.7 values approximately double those of older children, with the 95th percentile decreasing from 80 g/m^2.7 at birth to 40 g/m^2.7 at age 11.

    Conclusions:

    • For children > 9 years, abnormal LVM/height^2.7 is >40 g/m^2.7 (girls) or >45 g/m^2.7 (boys).
    • For children < 9 years, LVM/height^2.7 must be compared to age-specific percentile curves due to significant variation.
    • The findings highlight the need for improved LVM indexing methods in younger children while providing valuable reference data.