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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
Muscles that Move the Thigh01:20

Muscles that Move the Thigh

The thigh's motion is primarily governed by muscles originating in the pelvic girdle and inserted into the femur. One crucial muscle, the iliopsoas, is a combination of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles, sharing a common insertion point on the lesser trochanter of the femur.
Three other significant muscles are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. The gluteus maximus originates from the posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx, and the thoracolumbar fascia...
Equations of Equilibrium in Three Dimensions01:30

Equations of Equilibrium in Three Dimensions

When analyzing structures or systems at rest, it is necessary to ensure they are in equilibrium. This is where the vector and scalar equations of equilibrium come into play. These equations are crucial in ensuring a structure is stable and will not collapse or fall apart. The vector and scalar equations of equilibrium provide a framework for analyzing the forces acting on a body.
According to the vector equations of equilibrium, the vector sum of all the external forces acting on a body must...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
09:01

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Relationships between lower extremity alignment and the quadriceps angle.

Anh-Dung Nguyen1, Michelle C Boling, Beverly Levine

  • 1Applied Neuromechanics Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, USA. a_nguyen@uncg.edu

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine
|May 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Q angle is significantly influenced by greater tibiofemoral angle and femoral anteversion. Changes in the tibiofemoral angle have a greater impact on the Q angle magnitude than femoral anteversion.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics
  • Kinesiology

Background:

  • The Q angle is a commonly used clinical measure.
  • Its relationship with lower extremity alignment is not fully understood.
  • Understanding these relationships can inform injury risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between select lower extremity alignment characteristics and the Q angle.
  • To determine which alignment factors significantly predict Q angle magnitude.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive cohort study was conducted with 218 participants.
  • Eight static lower extremity alignment measures were assessed.
  • Statistical analysis identified predictors of Q angle.

Main Results:

  • Greater tibiofemoral angle and femoral anteversion significantly predicted a larger Q angle in both sexes.
  • Pelvic angle, genu recurvatum, tibial torsion, navicular drop, and femur/tibia length ratio were not significant predictors.
  • Tibiofemoral angle changes had a greater impact on Q angle than femoral anteversion.

Conclusions:

  • The Q angle primarily reflects frontal plane alignment.
  • Its limited representation of transverse plane motion may explain its poor predictive value for lower extremity injuries.
  • Further research into multi-planar alignment is needed for better injury prediction.