Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers. Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis. Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.

Meiosis I

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Proportions, trends, and outcomes of posterior circulation ischemic stroke in the United States.

Frontiers in neurology·2026

Same author

Cost-utility framework to evaluate therapeutic interventions targeting reduction in cerebral infarction among aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.

Neurosurgical review·2026

Same author

Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke Phase 3 Trial Protocol for Intensive Infant-Toddler Rehabilitation (I-ACQUIRE).

Stroke·2026

Same author

Bioethics in assisted reproduction and embryology.

Systems biology in reproductive medicine·2026

Same author

Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction with Stability as a New Therapeutic Goal in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Results of the Pooled Analysis of ATACH 2 and INTERACT 2 Trials.

Neurocritical care·2025

Same author

The genetic basis of male and female infertility.

Systems biology in reproductive medicine·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Exploring X Chromosomal Aberrations in Ovarian Cells by Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Exploring X Chromosomal Aberrations in Ovarian Cells by Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: April 7, 2023

Cytogenetic risks in chromosomally normal infertile men.

Helen G Tempest¹, Renee H Martin

¹London Bridge Fertility and Gynaecology Centre, London, UK.

Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology

|May 9, 2009

Summary

Genetic factors are increasingly linked to male infertility. Increased sperm aneuploidy, observed in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) conceptions, may necessitate screening for couples undergoing fertility treatments.

Area of Science:

Reproductive genetics
Human infertility research
Genetics and reproductive medicine

Background:

Infertility affects 15% of couples, with many cases remaining unexplained.
Emerging research identifies genetic causes for male infertility.
Meiotic defects, including issues with pairing, synapsis, and recombination, are linked to male infertility.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the emerging genetic causes of male infertility.
To investigate the link between sperm aneuploidy and unexplained male infertility.
To assess the implications of sperm aneuploidy in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) conceptions.

Main Methods:

Review of current research on male infertility and genetic factors.
Analysis of studies linking meiotic defects and sperm aneuploidy.

More Related Videos

Chromosome Preparation From Cultured Cells

Chromosome Preparation From Cultured Cells

Published on: January 28, 2014

Mouse Round Spermatid Injection

Mouse Round Spermatid Injection

Published on: January 26, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Exploring X Chromosomal Aberrations in Ovarian Cells by Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Exploring X Chromosomal Aberrations in Ovarian Cells by Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: April 7, 2023

Chromosome Preparation From Cultured Cells

Chromosome Preparation From Cultured Cells

Published on: January 28, 2014

Mouse Round Spermatid Injection

Mouse Round Spermatid Injection

Published on: January 26, 2024

Examination of data on aneuploidy rates in ICSI-conceived pregnancies.

Main Results:

Established links between infertility, meiotic defects, and increased sperm aneuploidy.
Sperm aneuploidy is paralleled in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) conceptions.
Certain infertility phenotypes show a higher risk of sperm aneuploidy.

Conclusions:

Further research is needed on sperm aneuploidy risks in ICSI conceptuses.
Sperm aneuploidy screening may benefit couples with specific infertility phenotypes undergoing ICSI.
Screening can inform decisions regarding ICSI and adjunct genetic testing, such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis.