Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs

Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacokinetics

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacokinetics

All neuromuscular blocking agents are injected intravenously because they are poorly absorbed from the GI tract. Rapid onset is achieved with intravenous administration, although absorption is also adequate from an intramuscular injection. Since these agents are highly ionized, they do not readily penetrate cell membranes or cross the blood-brain barrier.
Instead, they are transported by the blood to different tissues. Muscles with a greater blood supply (arteries) and blood flow receive more...

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions

Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers prevent the membrane depolarization of muscle cells and inhibit muscle contraction. These are usually administered with anesthetics to achieve complete muscle relaxation. Upon administration, these drugs first block the small, rapidly contracting muscles of the face and hands, followed by the larger muscles of the trunk and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is the last muscle to be affected.
Although all competitive neuromuscular blockers are designed...

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Mechanism of Action

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Mechanism of Action

Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers induce paralysis by competitively blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the muscle end plate. Examples include pancuronium, mivacurium, vecuronium, and rocuronium. These quaternary ammonium derivatives are administered intravenously, are poorly absorbed, and are excreted via the kidneys.
Competitive antagonists prevent acetylcholine from binding to its receptor, inhibiting membrane depolarization. Without conformational changes or intrinsic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Osteoporosis and osteoporosis therapies as determinants of implant fixation failure in arthroplasty and spinal fusion constructs: a position statement from the Fracture Working Group of the Council of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2026

Same author

Consensus statement on the application of artificial intelligence in osteoporosis screening and management: perspectives from the Asia-Pacific region.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2026

Same author

Making VFA Part of Standard Clinical DXA Assessment for Osteoporosis Care: Recommendations From the International Working Group on DXA Best Practices.

Mayo Clinic proceedings·2025

Same author

Proceedings of the 2025 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: Current concepts in the care of patients with osteoporosis, parathyroid disorders, and rare bone diseases.

Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry·2025

Same author

Effects of romosozumab and teriparatide on hip bone using 3D-SHAPER in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

JBMR plus·2025

Same author

Bone Health ECHO Case Report: Optimizing Bone Health in Low Fracture Risk Patient after Renal Transplant Treated with Chronic Glucocorticoids: A Case Study.

Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides

Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides

Published on: May 7, 2020

Denosumab update.

E Michael Lewiecki¹

¹New Mexico Clinical Research & Osteoporosis Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA. LEWIECKI@aol.com

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

|May 9, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Denosumab effectively treats osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis by increasing bone density and reducing bone damage. Safety profiles are comparable to existing treatments, showing it is a promising therapeutic option.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides

Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides

Published on: May 7, 2020

Area of Science:

Immunology
Rheumatology
Endocrinology

Background:

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) is crucial in bone resorption and skeletal disorders.
Denosumab targets RANKL, a key factor in postmenopausal osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent clinical data on denosumab's efficacy and safety.
To evaluate denosumab for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Main Methods:

Review of recent clinical trial data.
Analysis of efficacy and safety outcomes.

Main Results:

Denosumab increases bone mineral density and reduces bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women.
Denosumab reduces fracture risk in osteoporosis and inhibits structural damage in rheumatoid arthritis.
Adverse events were similar to placebo or alendronate.

Conclusions:

Denosumab demonstrates significant efficacy in managing postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Denosumab shows promise in inhibiting structural damage in rheumatoid arthritis.
Denosumab is a potentially valuable therapeutic agent for both conditions.