Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to force01:25

Introduction to force

Consider water flowing from a nozzle to a turbine vane. As the water hits the turbine vane, it exerts a force that causes it to move along the flow of direction. Force is an impact that changes an object's motion, shape, or orientation. Forces can be caused by physical contact, such as a push or pull, or through non-contact interactions, such as magnetic or gravitational forces. Force is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction, and is measured in newtons (N) in the SI unit system.
An Introduction to Mechanics01:28

An Introduction to Mechanics

Humans have been making ships, shelters, pyramids, weapons, agricultural equipment, and many more items without recording the process or theory behind them for centuries. It would be challenging to document the evolution of mechanics from its origin to the present.
According to records, the history of mechanics starts with Aristotle (384–322 BC). He related mechanics to physical theory, aiming for a universal synthesis.
Newton defined mechanics as the branch of physical science that studies the...
Introduction to Statistics01:17

Introduction to Statistics

The science of statistics involves collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data. The method of collecting, organizing, and summarizing data is called descriptive statistics. The systematic method of drawing inferences from the sample data and predicting unknown characteristics of a population is called inferential statistics.
In statistics, the collection of individuals or objects under study is called population. The idea of sampling is to select a portion of the larger population...
Newton's First Law: Introduction01:17

Newton's First Law: Introduction

Motion draws our attention. Motion itself can be beautiful, causing us to marvel at the forces needed to create spectacular sights, such as that of a dolphin jumping out of the water, the flight of a bird, or the orbit of a satellite. The study of motion is kinematics, but kinematics only describes the way objects move—their velocity and acceleration. Dynamics considers the forces that affect the motion of moving objects and systems. Newton's laws of motion are the foundation of dynamics. These...
Chromatography: Introduction01:10

Chromatography: Introduction

Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
The phase in which the compounds linger or on which the compounds adsorb is called the stationary phase, whereas the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the solutes to be analyzed. In traditional column chromatography, the mixture flows through the stationary phase, and the compounds partition between the stationary and mobile phases...
Biostatistics: Overview01:20

Biostatistics: Overview

Biostatistics plays a crucial role in understanding and analyzing data in healthcare and biology. Biostatisticians conduct experiments, gather evidence, and draw meaningful conclusions using statistical methods and techniques. Different variables form the foundation of biostatistical analysis, allowing researchers to understand and interpret data effectively. These variables are classified into different types, each serving a specific purpose in statistical analysis.
Discrete variables are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Self-harming behavior of patients on a closed psychiatric ward].

Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie·2023
Same author

Clinically explainable machine learning models for early identification of patients at risk of hospital-acquired urinary tract infection.

The Journal of hospital infection·2023
Same author

High-retention membrane bioreactors for sugarcane vinasse treatment: Opportunities for environmental impact reduction and wastewater valorization.

Journal of environmental management·2022
Same author

Localizing the human brain response to olfactory stimulation: A meta-analytic approach.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2021
Same author

Filtered Diffusion-Weighted MRI of the Human Cervical Spinal Cord: Feasibility and Application to Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2021
Same author

SPARC-positive macrophages are the superior prognostic factor in the microenvironment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and independent of MYC rearrangement and double-/triple-hit status.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2021
Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Micro-scale Engineering for Cell Biology
04:42

Micro-scale Engineering for Cell Biology

Published on: October 1, 2007

Introduction.

K Koch

    Optics Express
    |May 9, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers explore photonic crystal fibers (PCF), a type of optical fiber with air holes. PCFs utilize either photonic band gaps or total internal reflection for light guidance, offering unique optical properties.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

    Micro-scale Engineering for Cell Biology
    04:42

    Micro-scale Engineering for Cell Biology

    Published on: October 1, 2007

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Air-glass fiber profiles were initially proposed for low-loss optical fibers in the 1970s.
    • Renewed interest in air-glass fiber profiles emerged with the concept of two-dimensional photonic band gaps in optical fibers.
    • These fibers, characterized by longitudinal air holes, have evolved into the field of Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To clarify the terminology and classification of various optical fiber designs featuring air holes.
    • To distinguish between different guidance mechanisms employed in these novel fiber structures.
    • To establish a unified term, Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF), for these diverse fiber profiles.

    Main Methods:

    • Categorization of optical fibers based on their light guidance mechanisms.
    • Review of existing literature and terminology for air-guiding optical fibers.
    • Analysis of the structural and optical properties of different fiber embodiments.

    Main Results:

    • Optical fibers with air holes are classified into two primary guidance categories: photonic band gap (PBG) guidance and total internal reflection (TIR) guidance.
    • TIR-based fibers include holey fiber, hole-assisted fiber, microstructured fiber, and effective-index fiber.
    • PBG-based fibers include photonic band-gap fiber, Bragg fiber, and omnidirectional waveguide.
    • The term Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) is proposed to encompass all these fiber types, regardless of periodic structures.
    • Regularity in fiber profile provides mechanical and optical advantages.

    Conclusions:

    • The field of Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) encompasses a range of designs with distinct guidance mechanisms.
    • A clear distinction exists between fibers using photonic band gaps and those using total internal reflection for light guidance.
    • The term PCF provides a unifying nomenclature for these advanced optical fiber structures.