[Metabolic syndrome induced by antipsychotic drugs. The problem of obesity]

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry and Pharmacology
• Cardiovascular Health

Background:

• Schizophrenia patients have a 20% reduced life expectancy, primarily from cardiovascular disease.
• Antipsychotic medications, particularly second-generation agents, can exacerbate cardiovascular risk factors like obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia.
• Metabolic syndrome is a significant concern in schizophrenia management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the concept of metabolic syndrome in relation to schizophrenia and antipsychotic drug use.
• To examine the influence of second-generation antipsychotics on weight gain and obesity.
• To discuss pharmacological interventions and monitoring strategies for metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and antipsychotic drug effects.
• Analysis of physiopathological mechanisms of antipsychotic-induced weight gain.
• Discussion of pharmacological treatments and monitoring parameters.

Main Results:

• Second-generation antipsychotics are associated with increased risk of weight gain, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.
• Different antipsychotics vary in their propensity to induce weight gain.
• Physiopathological mechanisms underlying weight gain are complex and multifactorial.

Conclusions:

• Metabolic syndrome is a critical comorbidity in schizophrenia, significantly impacted by antipsychotic therapy.
• Regular monitoring of metabolic parameters is essential for patients on second-generation antipsychotics.
• Pharmacological and lifestyle interventions are crucial for managing metabolic disturbances in this population.