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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
The nerve is a bundle of axons that serves as the communication highway in the PNS. Each nerve is ensheathed in a protective layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. This outermost layer safeguards the nerve and supports the...
Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

Spinal Nerves: Anatomy

Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
There are 31 bilateral pairs of spinal nerves, each emerging from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina—openings between adjacent vertebrae. These nerves are...
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells01:31

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells that interact...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
08:59

A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: January 5, 2017

[Cerebral nerves - perineural tumor spread].

S Bisdas1, M G Mack

  • 1Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Radiologische Klinik, Klinikum der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen. Sotirios.Bisdas@med.uni-tuebingen.de

Der Radiologe
|May 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Perineural tumor spread, a complication of head and neck tumors, often presents asymptomatically. Early detection through advanced imaging like MRI is crucial for effective management and improved prognosis.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
08:59

A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: January 5, 2017

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An In Vivo Murine Sciatic Nerve Model of Perineural Invasion
09:55

An In Vivo Murine Sciatic Nerve Model of Perineural Invasion

Published on: April 23, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Head and Neck Surgery

Context:

  • Perineural tumor spread (PTS) is a significant metastatic pathway in head and neck cancers.
  • It involves tumor dissemination along neural pathways to adjacent or distant sites.
  • PTS adversely affects patient prognosis and treatment strategies.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the importance of recognizing perineural tumor spread in head and neck malignancies.
  • To emphasize the role of imaging, particularly MRI, in diagnosing asymptomatic PTS.
  • To underscore the necessity of understanding neuroanatomy and common spread patterns for effective detection.

Summary:

  • Perineural tumor spread is a mode of metastasis in head and neck tumors, occurring along nerve pathways.
  • This complication significantly impacts therapeutic decisions and patient outcomes.
  • Asymptomatic cases are common, making imaging techniques like MRI essential for early lesion detection.

Impact:

  • Improved diagnostic accuracy for perineural spread through enhanced imaging protocols.
  • Better patient stratification and tailored treatment planning for head and neck cancer.
  • Enhanced understanding of tumor biology and metastatic potential in neural pathways.