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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...

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An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Intra- and inter-individual genetic differences in gene expression.

Mark J Cowley1, Chris J Cotsapas, Rohan B H Williams

  • 1School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.

Mammalian Genome : Official Journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society
|May 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic variations influencing gene expression create correlating groups of genes (CGGs). These groups show complex, tissue-specific regulation, impacting gene expression variability within and between individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Systems Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genetic variation significantly impacts messenger RNA (mRNA) levels.
  • Molecular machinery regulates mRNA levels for multiple genes concurrently.
  • Shared genetic influences on multiple genes are expected due to coordinated regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether genetic variations in molecular machinery components influence multiple genes similarly.
  • To identify and characterize correlating groups of genes (CGGs) influenced by shared genetic factors.
  • To understand the tissue-specific nature of genetic influences on gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mRNA levels from multiple tissues in mouse strain panels.
  • Employed correlation analysis to detect shared genetic influences on gene expression.
  • Analyzed the collective properties and functional relationships within identified CGGs.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed that genetic variations in regulatory components affect multiple genes in a coordinated manner.
  • Identified CGGs that collectively explain a substantial portion (52-79%) of gene variability.
  • Demonstrated that genetic influences on CGGs are tissue-specific, leading to opposing effects (upregulation/downregulation) in different tissues.
  • Observed paradoxical behavior of CGGs within the same tissues across different individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic variation in molecular machinery components drives coordinated changes in CGGs.
  • Tissue-specific genetic regulation of CGGs contributes to complex inter- and intraindividual differences in gene expression.
  • The complexity of CGG regulation presents challenges for human genetic studies due to limited tissue accessibility.