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[Evaluation of immunological tests in thyroid diseases].
Rinsho Byori. the Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology
|September 1, 1991
Summary
Immunological tests, including anti-TSH receptor antibody (TRAb), help diagnose autoimmune thyroid diseases like Graves' disease. Treatment improves interleukin-2 (IL2) levels in Graves' disease patients.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
- Thyroidology
Context:
- Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) involve complex immune system dysregulation.
- Humoral and cellular immunity play roles in AITD pathogenesis.
- Current clinical diagnostics primarily focus on humoral immunity markers.
Purpose:
- To evaluate the diagnostic utility of immunological tests for AITDs.
- To assess levels of anti-TSH receptor antibody (TRAb), circulating immune complex (CIC), thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulin (TGSI), and interleukin-2 (IL2) in Graves' disease (GD) and chronic thyroiditis (CT).
Summary:
- High TRAb levels were observed in most untreated GD patients (87.2%) and many treated patients (70.2%).
- TRAb was positive in 20% of CT cases, some of whom were euthyroid.
- CIC levels negatively correlated with TRAb, and TGSI correlated with goiter size in GD.
- Impaired IL2 production in GD improved with treatment.
Impact:
- Provides insights into the immunological markers for AITDs.
- Highlights the diagnostic value of TRAb in GD and CT.
- Suggests potential therapeutic implications for IL2 modulation in GD.