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Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice
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Adolescent inhalant use, abuse and dependence.

Brian E Perron1, Matthew O Howard

  • 1University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 S. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. beperron@umich.edu

Addiction (Abingdon, England)
|May 12, 2009
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Summary

Adolescent inhalant use is linked to significant psychosocial and clinical issues. Youth with inhalant use disorders (IUDs) exhibit higher rates of trauma, suicidality, and substance problems compared to non-users.

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Area of Science:

  • Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Substance Use Disorders
  • Juvenile Offender Health

Background:

  • Inhalant use is prevalent among adolescents, particularly within juvenile justice systems.
  • Understanding the spectrum of inhalant use, from non-disordered use to abuse and dependence, is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare adolescent inhalant users without DSM-IV inhalant use disorders (IUDs) to those with IUDs (abuse or dependence).
  • To examine demographic, psychosocial, and clinical differences between these groups.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey was conducted with structured psychiatric interviews.
  • Participants were 723 residents of the Missouri Division of Youth Services, with over one-third reporting lifetime inhalant use.
  • Measures included antisocial behavior, temperament, trauma exposure, suicidality, psychiatric symptoms, and substance-related problems.

Main Results:

  • Nearly half of lifetime inhalant users met criteria for a DSM-IV IUD (18.6% abuse, 28.3% dependence).
  • Inhalant users, with or without IUDs, showed higher rates of Caucasian ethnicity, rural/small-town living, anxiety/depressive symptoms, impulsivity, fearlessness, antisocial behavior, suicidality, trauma, and substance problems.
  • Multivariate analyses confirmed greater suicidal ideation and substance use problems in inhalant users compared to non-users.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent inhalant users with IUDs have histories marked by high levels of trauma, suicidality, psychiatric distress, antisocial behavior, and substance-related problems.
  • A dose-response relationship exists between inhalant use severity (use, abuse, dependence) and adverse outcomes, with dependent youth experiencing the most severe dysfunction.