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Related Concept Videos

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Population Growth00:57

Population Growth

Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.However, realistic environmental conditions limit the number of...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Conservation of Declining Populations02:07

Conservation of Declining Populations

Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.

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Gestational weight gain and maternal immediate perinatal and postpartum outcomes in low and middle income countries: individual participant data meta-analyses.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

Commentary: reducing the world's stillbirths.

Robert L Goldenberg, Elizabeth M McClure, José M Belizán

    BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    |May 12, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Stillbirth rates have significantly decreased in high-income nations due to improved obstetrics. However, low-resource countries still face high stillbirth rates, particularly preventable intrapartum stillbirths, highlighting the need for functional health systems.

    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Global Health
    • Perinatal Medicine

    Background:

    • High-income countries have reduced stillbirths by 90% in 50 years, shifting the focus to antepartum, preterm stillbirths.
    • Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face stillbirth rates comparable to high-income countries decades ago.
    • LMICs experience a higher proportion of preventable late preterm, term, and intrapartum stillbirths.

    Discussion:

    • Effective interventions exist for stillbirth reduction, but their impact is limited by health system functionality in LMICs.
    • Addressing preventable stillbirths in LMICs requires robust healthcare infrastructure for risk assessment and timely delivery.
    • The commentary reviews six papers on stillbirths, emphasizing challenges and opportunities in LMICs.

    Key Insights:

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    • Stillbirths in LMICs are often preventable intrapartum events, unlike the preterm antepartum stillbirths common in high-income countries.
    • Successful stillbirth reduction hinges on implementing known interventions within functional healthcare systems.
    • A significant gap persists in achieving sustainable stillbirth rate reductions in resource-limited settings.

    Outlook:

    • Strengthening health systems in LMICs is crucial for implementing effective stillbirth prevention strategies.
    • Focusing on intrapartum stillbirths in LMICs offers a high-impact opportunity for reducing global stillbirth rates.
    • International collaboration and investment are needed to improve maternal and fetal outcomes in resource-limited regions.