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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
09:53

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

Published on: February 6, 2017

Structure and function of a custom anticancer peptide, CB1a.

Jiun-Ming Wu1, Pey-Shynan Jan, Hui-Chen Yu

  • 1Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.

Peptides
|May 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel anticancer peptide, CB1a, was developed from cecropin B. CB1a shows enhanced efficacy against cancer cells with low toxicity, indicating its potential as a promising therapeutic agent.

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Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
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Published on: February 6, 2017

A Method For Production of Recombinant mCD1d Protein in Insect Cells.
09:41

A Method For Production of Recombinant mCD1d Protein in Insect Cells.

Published on: December 10, 2007

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Peptide Chemistry

Background:

  • Natural antimicrobial peptides like cecropins exhibit anticancer properties.
  • Existing peptides may have insufficient efficacy for clinical development.
  • Cecropin B (CB), an amphipathic peptide, serves as a template for novel therapeutic design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a novel anticancer peptide, CB1a, based on the cecropin B structure.
  • To investigate the structural and functional properties of CB1a.
  • To evaluate the anticancer efficacy and toxicity profile of CB1a.

Main Methods:

  • Peptide synthesis and structural analysis using circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopy.
  • Binding studies with heparin using isothermal titration calorimetry.
  • Anticancer activity assays against leukemia and stomach carcinoma cell lines.
  • Toxicity assessment including hemolytic activity against human red blood cells.

Main Results:

  • CB1a adopts a helical conformation in membrane-like environments and exhibits a helix-hinge-helix structure in solution.
  • CB1a demonstrates significant binding to heparin via a specific motif.
  • CB1a displays potent anticancer activity against leukemia and stomach carcinoma cells, with IC50 values 2-8 fold lower than CB.
  • CB1a shows low toxicity to non-cancer cells and minimal hemolytic activity.

Conclusions:

  • CB1a is a promising novel anticancer peptide with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity compared to its parent peptide.
  • The structural features and heparin-binding capability of CB1a contribute to its therapeutic potential.
  • CB1a warrants further investigation as a potential anticancer therapeutic agent.