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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
07:50

Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer

Published on: September 18, 2020

DNA methylation patterns in lung carcinomas.

Gerd P Pfeifer1, Tibor A Rauch

  • 1Department of Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA. gpfeifer@coh.org

Seminars in Cancer Biology
|May 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic changes, specifically DNA CpG methylation, are altered in early-stage lung squamous cell carcinomas. These alterations, including hypermethylation of Polycomb targets like HOX genes, may serve as diagnostic biomarkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Cancer Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Epithelial tumors exhibit genomic instability, including epigenetic abnormalities like DNA CpG methylation changes.
  • DNA CpG methylation patterns are significantly altered in squamous cell lung carcinomas compared to normal lung tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize CpG island methylation and chromosome arm methylation patterns in early-stage lung squamous cell carcinomas.
  • To investigate the relationship between tumor-specific methylation and Polycomb complex targets in embryonic stem cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized MIRA-chip, a genome-scale mapping technique for CpG methylation.
  • Analyzed CpG island methylation and methylation patterns of entire chromosome arms at ~100 bp resolution.

Main Results:

  • Identified several hundred to a thousand methylated CpG islands in individual stage I lung carcinomas.
  • Found that nearly 80% of tumor-specifically methylated sequences are Polycomb targets in embryonic stem cells.
  • Observed overrepresentation of Homeobox genes, with HOX gene loci being hotspots for tumor-associated methylation.
  • Detected DNA hypomethylation in repetitive sequences (SINEs, LINEs, subtelomeric repeats, segmental duplications) in squamous cell tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic alterations, including widespread CpG island hypermethylation and repetitive element hypomethylation, occur early in lung squamous cell carcinoma development.
  • These early epigenetic changes, particularly involving Polycomb targets and HOX genes, warrant consideration for their role in tumor etiology.
  • The identified methylation patterns may hold potential as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for lung squamous cell carcinoma.