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Related Concept Videos

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Types of RNA01:20

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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
RNA Interference01:23

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Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)
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The function of non-coding RNAs in genomic imprinting.

Martha V Koerner1, Florian M Pauler, Ru Huang

  • 1Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9/4, Vienna Biocenter, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|May 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Macro non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate gene expression in mammals. Imprinted ncRNAs, a type of macro ncRNA, affect nearby genes through various downstream mechanisms in embryonic and placental tissues.

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Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)
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CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells
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Sample Preparation for Mass Spectrometry-based Identification of RNA-binding Regions
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Sample Preparation for Mass Spectrometry-based Identification of RNA-binding Regions

Published on: September 28, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
  • In mammals, large cis-acting ncRNAs, termed macro ncRNAs, are involved in gene regulation.
  • Imprinted ncRNAs are a well-characterized class of macro ncRNAs with cis-regulatory roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the downstream mechanisms employed by imprinted ncRNAs.
  • To understand how these mechanisms differ between embryonic and placental tissues.
  • To enhance the general understanding of ncRNA function across the genome.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression data.
  • Identification of imprinted ncRNAs.
  • Comparative studies in embryonic and placental tissues.

Main Results:

  • Imprinted ncRNAs exert cis-regulatory effects on multiple flanking genes.
  • Distinct downstream regulatory mechanisms are utilized in embryonic versus placental tissues.
  • These mechanisms contribute to tissue-specific gene expression patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Macro ncRNAs, particularly imprinted ncRNAs, play significant roles in mammalian gene regulation.
  • Understanding the tissue-specific downstream mechanisms of imprinted ncRNAs is key to deciphering their broader genomic functions.
  • Further research into these mechanisms will advance the field of ncRNA biology.