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Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...

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Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
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Mysore childhood obesity study.

M Premanath1, H Basavanagowdappa, M A Shekar

  • 1Department of Medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysore, India.

Indian Pediatrics
|May 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study surveyed over 43,000 school children in Mysore, finding obesity prevalence at 3.4% and overweight at 8.5%. Underweight affected 17.2% of students, with higher obesity rates in younger children and those attending private schools.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Childhood obesity and malnutrition are significant global health concerns.
  • Understanding the prevalence of these conditions is crucial for targeted interventions.
  • Limited data exists on the anthropometric status of school-aged children in Mysore, India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and underweight among school children aged 5-16 years in Mysore.
  • To identify potential demographic or school-type variations in these prevalence rates.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey involving 43,152 school children (23,527 boys, 19,625 girls) from 139 schools (111 private, 28 government) in Mysore.
  • Teachers were trained to record vital statistics, which were then analyzed using Indian Academy of Pediatrics growth charts as reference.
  • Data stratified by age group, gender, and school type (private vs. government).

Main Results:

  • The overall prevalence rates were: underweight 17.2%, overweight 8.5%, and obesity 3.4%.
  • Obesity prevalence was highest in the 5-7 years age group (6.1%).
  • Children attending private schools exhibited a higher prevalence of obesity (4.1%) compared to those in government schools (0.7%).

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of Mysore school children are affected by underweight, overweight, and obesity.
  • Early childhood and attendance in private schools are associated with a higher risk of obesity in this population.
  • Public health strategies should address both undernutrition and overnutrition in school-aged children, with a focus on early age groups and school environment.