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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics
09:43

Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics

Published on: March 1, 2022

[Bone metabolic marker for osteoporosis].

Kaori Shidara1, Masaaki Inaba

  • 1Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Bone metabolic markers like TRAP-5b help predict fracture risk and guide osteoporosis treatment. Early reduction in bone resorption markers indicates future bone gain with therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Orthopedics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Bone metabolic markers are crucial for assessing bone loss and fracture risk.
  • Routine clinical measurement of markers like serum BAP, NTX, TRAP-5b, and urinary NTX, DPD, CTX aids in managing bone health.
  • High bone turnover disease necessitates early intervention with drugs like bisphosphonate and raloxifene.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of bone metabolic markers in predicting bone loss and fracture risk.
  • To assess the role of these markers in estimating bone quality and guiding therapeutic decisions.
  • To determine the effectiveness of monitoring bone resorption markers for predicting bone gain after treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), NTX, and TRAP-5b.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics
09:43

Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics

Published on: March 1, 2022

  • Analysis of urinary NTX, DPD, and CTX.
  • Correlation of marker levels with bone loss rates, fracture risk, and treatment response.
  • Main Results:

    • Elevated bone markers indicate high turnover disease and the need for early drug therapy.
    • A decrease in bone resorption markers within 3-6 months predicts subsequent bone gain.
    • TRAP-5b shows superior reliability, unaffected by daily variations or renal dysfunction in elderly patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Bone metabolic markers are valuable tools for personalized osteoporosis management.
    • TRAP-5b is a robust marker for assessing bone resorption, particularly in elderly individuals with potential kidney issues.
    • Monitoring resorption marker reduction is key to predicting treatment efficacy and bone mineral density improvement.