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Related Concept Videos

Mate Choice01:20

Mate Choice

Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing, inherently...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Dosage Compensation02:50

Dosage Compensation

In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with  distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Sex Stratified Neuronal Cultures to Study Ischemic Cell Death Pathways
10:44

Sex Stratified Neuronal Cultures to Study Ischemic Cell Death Pathways

Published on: December 9, 2013

[Life span sexual dimorphism].

M V Shaposhnikov

    Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii
    |May 13, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Male fruit flies experience higher mortality rates, accelerating aging according to evolutionary theory. Investigating Drosophila mutants could reveal lifespan differences and aging mechanisms.

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    Dissection of Larval Zebrafish Gonadal Tissue

    Published on: April 26, 2017

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

    Sex Stratified Neuronal Cultures to Study Ischemic Cell Death Pathways
    10:44

    Sex Stratified Neuronal Cultures to Study Ischemic Cell Death Pathways

    Published on: December 9, 2013

    Experimental Manipulation of Body Size to Estimate Morphological Scaling Relationships in Drosophila
    06:00

    Experimental Manipulation of Body Size to Estimate Morphological Scaling Relationships in Drosophila

    Published on: October 1, 2011

    Dissection of Larval Zebrafish Gonadal Tissue
    10:43

    Dissection of Larval Zebrafish Gonadal Tissue

    Published on: April 26, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary biology
    • Gerontology
    • Genetics

    Context:

    • Females of many species exhibit longer lifespans than males.
    • Higher extrinsic and intrinsic mortality rates in males contribute to this disparity.
    • Evolutionary theory posits a link between extrinsic mortality and aging rates.

    Purpose:

    • To test evolutionary theory by examining male lifespan in Drosophila sex behavioral mutants.
    • To explore the role of hormonal signals and insulin/IGF-1 signaling in sex-specific lifespan.
    • To understand the molecular basis of lifespan differences between sexes.

    Summary:

    • This study investigates the evolutionary theory linking extrinsic mortality to aging rates.
    • It focuses on Drosophila melanogaster, specifically examining male lifespan in sex behavioral mutants.
    • The research explores how hormonal signals and insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathways influence sex-specific lifespan differences.

    Impact:

    • Provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in aging.
    • Contributes to understanding the evolutionary drivers of lifespan variation.
    • Potential to inform future research on age-related diseases and longevity.