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Related Experiment Videos

The aminoglycosides.

R S Edson1, C L Terrell

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|November 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aminoglycosides remain vital for treating serious infections, with gentamicin and amikacin offering specific benefits. However, rising enterococcal resistance necessitates further research into resistance mechanisms and toxicity prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Aminoglycosides are crucial for treating severe enterococcal and gram-negative bacillary infections.
  • Gentamicin is cost-effective for infections with low resistance, while amikacin targets resistant strains and specific pathogens.
  • Emerging resistance, particularly in enterococci, poses a significant challenge to their continued efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current role and applications of aminoglycoside antibiotics.
  • To highlight the utility of gentamicin and amikacin in specific clinical scenarios.
  • To address the growing issue of aminoglycoside resistance and associated toxicities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies and resistance surveillance data.

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  • Analysis of aminoglycoside usage patterns and susceptibility trends.
  • Examination of mechanisms underlying aminoglycoside resistance and toxicity.

    • Main Results:

    • Aminoglycosides remain effective for specific serious infections.
    • Gentamicin is preferred where resistance is low; amikacin is valuable for resistant gram-negative infections, Nocardia, and mycobacteria.
    • A significant increase in aminoglycoside resistance among enterococci has been observed, contrasting with stable gram-negative susceptibility.

    Conclusions:

    • Aminoglycosides continue to be important therapeutic agents.
    • Understanding resistance mechanisms and preventing toxicity are critical for future aminoglycoside use.
    • Continued surveillance and research are essential to optimize aminoglycoside therapy.