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What is Conservation Biology?

What is Conservation Biology?

Conservation biology is a scientific field that focuses on the preservation of biodiversity in order to protect ecosystems while meeting the needs of the human population. Humans require properly functioning ecosystems to maintain our supply of natural resources, including food, medicines, and building materials.

Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

Conservation of Small Populations

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Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.

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Related Experiment Video

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Deploying Community Scientists to Conduct Nondestructive Genetic Sampling of Rare Butterfly Populations

Deploying Community Scientists to Conduct Nondestructive Genetic Sampling of Rare Butterfly Populations

Published on: October 28, 2022

From conservation genetics to conservation genomics.

Craig R Primmer¹

¹Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. craig.primmer@utu.fi

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|May 13, 2009

Summary

Conservation genomics leverages new genomic technologies to study adaptive genes for environmental change. This approach enhances traditional conservation genetics, offering novel tools for species and population management.

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Area of Science:

Conservation genetics
Genomics
Evolutionary biology

Background:

Conservation genetics has historically used neutral molecular markers.
Advances in molecular technologies have expanded available genetic tools.
There's a growing interest in studying genes directly related to environmental adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the implications of recent genomic technology developments for conservation.
To explore the potential of genomics in conserving populations and species.
To showcase diverse applications of conservation genomics through case studies.

Main Methods:

Review of recent developments in genomic technologies.
Analysis of genomic resources for nonmodel organisms.
Case study presentations (Atlantic salmon, Melitaea cinxia, California condor).

Main Results:

Genomic technologies enable the assessment of adaptive loci, complementing neutral markers.
Increased availability of genomic resources facilitates studies in nonmodel organisms.
New ultrahigh throughput-sequencing technologies promise rapid advancements.

Conclusions:

Genomics offers powerful new possibilities for conservation biology.
Conservation genomics approaches will diversify and enhance traditional methods.
Genomic tools are crucial for understanding and responding to environmental change in species.