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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster
09:43

Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: July 3, 2019

Endocrine disrupters as obesogens.

Felix Grün1, Bruce Blumberg

  • 1Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, 92697-2300, USA.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|May 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Rising obesity rates are linked to environmental factors beyond diet and exercise. Endocrine disrupting chemicals may disrupt weight control mechanisms, highlighting a need for further research into their role in obesity.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental health
  • Endocrinology
  • Obesity research

Background:

  • Global obesity rates are increasing, posing a significant public health challenge and straining healthcare resources.
  • Traditionally, obesity prevention has focused on energy balance, targeting overeating and physical inactivity.
  • Emerging research suggests environmental factors, including chemical exposures, play a crucial role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding how environmental factors, particularly endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), contribute to obesity.
  • To explore the molecular targets and mechanisms of action of EDCs relevant to weight regulation.
  • To identify key areas for future research on the environmental etiology of obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.

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Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis
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Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster
09:43

Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: July 3, 2019

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants
07:08

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Published on: March 6, 2018

Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis
08:34

Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis

Published on: June 3, 2016

  • Analysis of studies investigating the impact of environmental risk factors on metabolic and endocrine systems.
  • Synthesis of evidence on endocrine disrupting chemicals and their effects on adipose tissue and hormonal regulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Endocrine disrupting chemicals are implicated in disrupting adipose tissue biology, endocrine hormone systems, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
    • These disruptions interfere with the body's natural homeostatic mechanisms for weight control.
    • Evidence suggests a link between exposure to certain chemicals and the development or exacerbation of obesity.

    Conclusions:

    • Environmental factors, especially endocrine disrupting chemicals, are significant contributors to the obesity epidemic.
    • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of EDC action is crucial for developing effective obesity prevention and treatment strategies.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of environmental exposures in obesity and to inform public health policies.