Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The EBV timing hypothesis: How the age of primary infection may explain global variation in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026
Same author

Phytosulfokine-α regulates auxin-dependent somatic embryogenesis through calcium signaling in hybrid sweetgum.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2026
Same author

The Financial Value of an Academic Neurologist.

Annals of neurology·2026
Same author

T<sub>1</sub> Over Squared Proton Density Ratio to Characterize Multiple Sclerosis Lesions.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same author

Uremic pancreatitis following routine initiation of losartan in advanced chronic kidney disease: A case report.

SAGE open medical case reports·2026
Same author

The relationship between objective and subjective cognitive performance and clinical and MRI disease burden in early multiple sclerosis.

Scientific reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a comparative study.

Aaron Boster1, Stephanie Hreha, Joseph R Berger

  • 1Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.

Archives of Neurology
|May 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clinical and MRI features can help differentiate progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Magnetization transfer ratio may aid in early PML detection in MS patients.

More Related Videos

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin
08:57

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin

Published on: March 26, 2015

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
09:46

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Published on: September 21, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin
08:57

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin

Published on: March 26, 2015

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
09:46

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Published on: September 21, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Distinguishing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) from multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses is crucial for appropriate treatment.
  • Clinical presentations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings can overlap between PML and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct clinical and MRI features that differentiate PML from RRMS.
  • To evaluate the utility of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in distinguishing these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of clinical and MRI data from 45 PML patients and 100 RRMS patients at two urban teaching hospitals.
  • Analysis of presenting symptoms, lesion types on MRI, and MTR values in normal-appearing brain tissue.

Main Results:

  • PML patients more frequently presented with hemiparesis and altered mentation, while RRMS patients more often had brainstem, spinal cord, or optic neuritis involvement.
  • MRI revealed large, confluent T2-weighted lesions and deep gray matter lesions were more common in PML. Crescentic cerebellar lesions were unique to PML.
  • Normal-appearing brain tissue MTR was higher in PML than RRMS, suggesting PML lesions may be more focal.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical and MRI features show differences that can aid in distinguishing PML from RRMS.
  • MTR analysis of normal-appearing brain tissue may offer additional insights for early PML detection in MS patients.