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Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...

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Simple, clickable protocol for atomic force microscopy tip modification and its application for trace ricin detection

Guojun Chen¹, Xinghai Ning, Bosoon Park

¹Molecular Nanoelectronics, Faculty of Engineering & Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|May 14, 2009

Summary

A novel two-step method uses click chemistry to modify atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips and substrates for highly sensitive ricin detection. This technique achieves femtogram-per-milliliter sensitivity, enabling single-molecule specificity.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Biochemistry
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for nanoscale imaging.
Detecting trace amounts of toxins like ricin requires highly sensitive and specific methods.
Modifying AFM tips and substrates can enhance their specificity and sensitivity for molecular detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simple two-step protocol for modifying AFM tips and substrates.
To apply the modified AFM system for the detection of trace amounts of ricin.
To achieve high sensitivity and single-molecular specificity in toxin detection.

Main Methods:

Utilized a click reaction for functionalizing AFM tips and substrates with polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives.
Immobilized antiricin antibodies onto the AFM tip via a click reaction between azide and alkyne groups.
Immobilized ricin toxin onto a gold substrate using a novel bifunctional reagent.

Main Results:

Achieved femtogram-per-milliliter (fg/mL) detection sensitivity for ricin, surpassing existing techniques.
Demonstrated single-molecular specificity by measuring the unbinding force between antiricin antibodies and ricin (64.89 ± 1.67 pN).
The click reaction proved highly efficient and compatible with mild reaction conditions.

Conclusions:

The developed two-step protocol enables highly sensitive and specific detection of ricin using AFM.
This approach offers a significant advancement in toxin detection technology.
The method holds promise for various biosensing applications requiring high specificity and sensitivity.