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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...

Mitochondrial Membranes

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Apoptosis

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue

Published on: March 23, 2015

Mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization and remodelling in apoptosis.

Alexis Jourdain¹, Jean-Claude Martinou

¹Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology

|May 15, 2009

Summary

Mitochondrial fission, regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, may trigger outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MOMP). This process is crucial for programmed cell death and implicated in various human diseases.

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Pathology

Background:

Mitochondria are vital organelles involved in energy production, metabolism, and cell death.
Defects in mitochondria are linked to diseases like diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
The intrinsic apoptotic pathway involves outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MOMP) mediated by Bax and Bak, releasing cytochrome c.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the potential link between mitochondrial fission and outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MOMP).
To review the roles of mitochondrial fission/fusion machinery and Bcl-2 family members in MOMP.

Main Methods:

This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
Discussion focuses on the interplay between mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis.

Main Results:

Mitochondrial fragmentation, driven by Drp-1 activation, is observed during MOMP.
This suggests a functional connection between mitochondrial fission and the initiation of apoptosis.

Conclusions:

Mitochondrial fission machinery and Bcl-2 family proteins are key players in MOMP.
Understanding this link is critical for deciphering mitochondrial roles in human pathologies.