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Related Concept Videos

Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis01:16

Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis

Necrosis is a form of irreversible cell death caused by severe injury such as ischemia, toxins, or trauma. Unlike programmed cell death, it is an uncontrolled, pathological process that typically provokes inflammation in surrounding tissues.Pathophysiologic ChangesNecrosis begins when cells sustain critical damage, leading to swelling of organelles, particularly mitochondria, and rapid ATP depletion. As energy levels decline, membrane ion pumps fail, leading to calcium influx and eventually,...
Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death01:11

Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death

Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Live-cell Imaging of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization During Necroptosis
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Live-cell Imaging of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization During Necroptosis

Published on: November 14, 2025

Necrosis: C-type lectins sense cell death.

Alessandra Cambi1, Carl Figdor

  • 1Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Current Biology : CB
|May 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

C-type lectins, immune system receptors, recognize microbial molecules and also sense signals from dying cells. This sensing capability helps modulate the immune system by transducing inflammatory signals.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • C-type lectins are a family of receptors on cell surfaces.
  • These receptors are primarily known for recognizing carbohydrate structures on microbes.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a broader role in sensing cellular events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of C-type lectins beyond microbial recognition.
  • To understand how C-type lectins interact with signals from dying cells.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which C-type lectins modulate immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cell-based assays to detect C-type lectin interactions.
  • Employed molecular biology techniques to identify signaling pathways.
  • Analyzed immune cell responses in the presence of dying cell products.

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Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death
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Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death

Published on: January 20, 2023

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Live-cell Imaging of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization During Necroptosis
05:30

Live-cell Imaging of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization During Necroptosis

Published on: November 14, 2025

Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death
10:23

Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death

Published on: January 20, 2023

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that C-type lectins recognize specific molecular patterns released by dying cells.
  • Identified key inflammatory signaling pathways activated by C-type lectin engagement with cellular debris.
  • Showcased the modulation of immune cell function, including cytokine production and antigen presentation.

Conclusions:

  • C-type lectins play a dual role in immunity, sensing both pathogens and cellular distress.
  • These receptors are critical in integrating signals from cell death into the inflammatory response.
  • Targeting C-type lectin pathways may offer novel strategies for immune system modulation.