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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Early speech motor development: Cognitive and linguistic considerations.

Ignatius S B Nip1, Jordan R Green, David B Marx

  • 1School of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182-1518, USA. inip@mail.sdsu.edu

Journal of Communication Disorders
|May 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Early communication development shows increasing jaw and lip speed with age. Speech movements may reflect cognitive demands, with babbling kinematics similar to words.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental linguistics
  • Speech motor control
  • Infant communication

Background:

  • Understanding early speech development is crucial for identifying communication milestones.
  • Orofacial movements evolve significantly during infancy, influenced by cognitive and linguistic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate developmental trends in orofacial movements from 9 to 21 months.
  • To compare kinematic differences in spontaneous movements, babble, and first words.
  • To explore the relationship between speech motor performance and cognitive-linguistic demands.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study tracking 24 infants from 9 to 21 months.
  • Three-dimensional motion capture system used to record lower lip and jaw movements.
  • Analysis of kinematic variables including speed and range of movement.

Main Results:

  • Jaw and lower lip speed, and lower lip range of movement increased with age.
  • Silent spontaneous movements were slower than words.
  • Kinematic measures for babble were not significantly different from those for words.

Conclusions:

  • Orofacial kinematic patterns mature during early communication development.
  • Speech movements appear sensitive to cognitive and linguistic processing demands.
  • Kinematic continuity between babbling and word production supports existing hypotheses.