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Lithium effect on renal glomerular function in individuals with intellectual disability.

David S Janowsky1, Jair Soares, John P Hatch

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA. David_Janowsky@med.unc.edu

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Summary

Chronic lithium use in intellectually disabled individuals significantly increased serum creatinine and decreased kidney function. Most patients showed improved renal function after lithium withdrawal, indicating potential reversibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Psychopharmacology
  • Intellectual Disability Research

Background:

  • Lithium is a common mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder.
  • Long-term lithium use can affect kidney function.
  • Intellectually disabled individuals may have unique responses to medication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of chronic lithium administration on renal function.
  • To assess kidney function in intellectually disabled individuals receiving lithium therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review comparing 57 lithium-treated individuals with 24 controls.
  • Analysis of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance at baseline, peak levels, and study end (2006).

Main Results:

  • Lithium treatment significantly increased serum creatinine and decreased creatinine clearance.
  • 22.8% of lithium-treated subjects showed renal insufficiency (creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dL).
  • Kidney function often improved after lithium withdrawal.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic lithium administration causes clinically significant renal impairment in intellectually disabled individuals.
  • Renal function changes associated with lithium may be reversible upon discontinuation.