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Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
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Exploring BOLD changes during spatial attention in non-stimulated visual cortex.

Linda Heinemann1, Andreas Kleinschmidt, Notger G Müller

  • 1Cognitive Neurology Unit & Brain Imaging Center, Clinic for Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. heinemann@med.uni-frankfurt.de

Plos One
|May 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain activity in the visual cortex (V1) decreases with distance from a visual target. This suppression is influenced by both external distractors and internal attention, impacting blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • The primary visual cortex (V1) processes visual information.
  • Understanding how V1 activity is modulated by attention and sensory input is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses in V1 related to visual attention and distractors.
  • To differentiate between bottom-up and top-down modulations of V1 activity.

Main Methods:

  • Measured BOLD responses in V1 during visual stimulation with varying distractors.
  • Compared active (target detection) and passive (viewing) conditions.
  • Assessed bottom-up effects (peripheral activity vs. no stimulation) and top-down effects (active vs. passive).

Main Results:

  • Central stimulation enhanced V1 activity in the stimulated region.
  • Activation decreased and became deactivated in peripheral V1 representations with increasing distance from the target.
  • This pattern was stronger with distractors and during active attention.
  • Active search led to deactivation near the focus, not enhancement.
  • Suppressed activity in non-distractor conditions indicated top-down attention effects.

Conclusions:

  • BOLD signal decreases in V1 are modulated by bottom-up factors like distractors.
  • Top-down attentional processes also significantly influence V1 activity.
  • Both sensory input and attention shape neural processing in the visual cortex.