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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...

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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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[Bullet embolism].

Piotr Engelgardt1, Ewa Wolska, Elzbieta Bloch-Bogusławska

  • 1Katedry Medycyny Sadowej UMK w Toruniu, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy.

Archiwum Medycyny Sadowej I Kryminologii
|May 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Bullet embolism, a rare complication of gunshot wounds, occurred in two forensic cases. Bullets traveled through major blood vessels, lodging in arteries and veins far from the initial injury site.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic pathology
  • Ballistics
  • Vascular surgery

Background:

  • Penetrating firearm injuries can lead to rare complications.
  • Bullet embolism, where a projectile travels through the vasculature, is infrequently encountered in forensic practice.

Observation:

  • Two cases of gunshot bullet embolism are presented.
  • Case 1: A contact gunshot wound resulted in the bullet entering the thoracic aorta and embolizing to the left common iliac artery.
  • Case 2: A close-range gunshot to the head led to the bullet entering the superior vena cava and traveling to the right femoral vein via the inferior vena cava.

Findings:

  • Demonstrates bullet migration through major arterial and venous systems.
  • Highlights the potential for bullets to travel significant distances from the entry wound.

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Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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  • Illustrates different vascular pathways for bullet embolism depending on injury trajectory.

    • Implications:

    • Understanding bullet embolism is crucial for accurate forensic investigation of firearm injuries.
    • These cases expand the known patterns of bullet embolization in medicolegal contexts.
    • Knowledge of these vascular dynamics can aid in reconstructing injury events and determining projectile origin.