Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Quantum Brain: The Untold Story of Docosahexaenoic Acid's Role in Brain Evolution, Biophysics, and Cognition.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Use of Rapid Response Teams to Expedite Imaging and Treatment for Inpatients With Acute Stroke.

AACN advanced critical care·2025
Same author

Scientific Concerns About Recent Fluid-Structure Interaction Models of the Aqueous Humor Outflow Pathway.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2025
Same author

Transformation of BTEX compounds emitted by aircraft engines at ground level.

Environmental science and pollution research international·2025
Same author

PROX1 loss in adult mouse Schlemm's canal causes permanent ocular hypertension.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

A narrative review on sleep-related painful erections - is this stuttering priapism?

International journal of impotence research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact
06:53

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact

Published on: February 1, 2017

Film edge nonlocal spin valves.

Andrew T McCallum1, Mark Johnson

  • 1Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA. andrew.mccallum@nrl.navy.mil

Nano Letters
|May 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new nonplanar spintronic device geometry, shrinking cell sizes by tenfold for high-density applications. This advancement in spintronics technology enables smaller, more efficient electronic components.

Area of Science:

  • Spintronics and advanced semiconductor device physics.
  • Nanotechnology and materials science for electronics.

Background:

  • Spintronics offers a new paradigm for digital electronics, providing nonvolatile magnetic random access memory (MRAM) with low-power and high-speed capabilities.
  • Current spintronic devices, limited by planar geometry and lithographic feature sizes (~100 nm), hinder the transition to high-density applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel nonplanar geometry for spintronic devices to enable significant miniaturization.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of this new geometry for creating smaller, high-density spintronic components.

Main Methods:

  • Development and fabrication of a new nonplanar device geometry where one lateral dimension is defined by film thickness (~10 nm).
  • Experimental validation using a nonlocal spin valve structure.

More Related Videos

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
11:00

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Published on: July 19, 2016

Meso-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry Studies of Neurovascular Flows In Vitro
08:00

Meso-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry Studies of Neurovascular Flows In Vitro

Published on: December 3, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact
06:53

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact

Published on: February 1, 2017

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
11:00

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Published on: July 19, 2016

Meso-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry Studies of Neurovascular Flows In Vitro
08:00

Meso-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry Studies of Neurovascular Flows In Vitro

Published on: December 3, 2018

  • Characterization of devices with injector/detector separations significantly smaller than the spin diffusion length.

    • Main Results:

    • The nonplanar geometry allows for a reduction in cell size by an order of magnitude compared to traditional planar devices.
    • Successful demonstration of the geometry in a nonlocal spin valve, showing functionality at reduced scales.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed nonplanar geometry is a critical step towards achieving high-density spintronic technology.
    • This approach overcomes limitations of planar designs, paving the way for next-generation, ultra-compact spintronic devices.