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Modulators of inhibitor of growth (ING) family expression in development and disease

Stacey K Maher1, Caren C Helbing

  • 1Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055 Stn CSC, Victoria, B.C., V8W 3P6, Canada.

Current Drug Targets
|May 16, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Inhibitor of Growth (ING) proteins regulate key cell functions and their expression is influenced by aging, stress, and signaling pathways. Understanding ING modulation is crucial for targeted therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The inhibitor of growth (ING) gene family proteins are crucial regulators of fundamental cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and senescence.
  • While ING gene expression is well-studied in cancer, their regulation in other physiological and pathological contexts remains less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on factors influencing ING gene and protein expression across various biological systems.
  • It aims to provide insights into the multifaceted regulation of ING proteins beyond cancer research.

Main Methods:

  • The review analyzes findings from human and animal model systems.
  • It examines the impact of cell cycle, aging, genotoxic stress, and signaling pathways on ING expression.
  • Post-translational modifications and subcellular localization are also considered.

Main Results:

  • ING expression is modulated by intrinsic factors like cell cycle status, aging, and the p53 tumor suppressor.
  • External factors including hormones, reactive oxygen species, and TGF-beta signaling significantly influence ING levels.
  • DNA methylation and ING proteins themselves can also impact their own expression.

Conclusions:

  • ING protein expression is dynamically regulated by a complex interplay of cellular and external factors.
  • A comprehensive understanding of ING modulation is essential for developing effective therapeutic strategies targeting these proteins.

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