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On the evolution of 'Indian Bison type' strains of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

J S Sohal1, S V Singh, P K Singh

  • 1Microbiology Laboratory, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, PO-FARAH, District Mathura (UP), India.

Microbiological Research
|May 16, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease in animals and is linked to Crohn's disease in humans. This study reveals recent molecular evolution in the prevalent

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary microbiology
  • Molecular epidemiology
  • Infectious diseases

Background:

  • Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of Johne's disease (JD) in ruminants.
  • MAP has been implicated in Crohn's disease (CD) in humans, necessitating further research into its genetic diversity.
  • Control of JD in India is hindered by a lack of indigenous diagnostics and vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular evolution of MAP strains, particularly the 'Bison type' genotype.
  • To understand the genetic basis of the predominant 'Indian Bison type' MAP strain circulating in India.
  • To provide insights for developing effective control strategies against MAP infections.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of MAP strains using IS1311 PCR-REA.
  • Analysis of specific genetic markers in native MAP isolates.
  • Comparative analysis of genetic data for evolutionary inferences.

Main Results:

  • The study focused on the understudied 'Bison type' MAP genotype.
  • A new 'Indian Bison type' genotype has been identified as the principal strain in India, infecting various animal species and humans.
  • Analysis of genetic markers suggests recent evolutionary origins for the 'Bison type' genotype.

Conclusions:

  • The 'Indian Bison type' MAP genotype represents a recently evolved lineage.
  • Understanding the molecular evolution of MAP is crucial for disease control and public health.
  • Further research into MAP's genetic diversity can inform diagnostic and vaccine development.

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