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Non-destructive SPE-UPLC-based Quantification of Aflatoxins and Stilbenoid Phytoalexins in Single Peanut (Arachis spp.) Seeds
Published on: April 19, 2024
Microscopic studies on the Aspergillus flavus infected kernels of commercial peanuts in Georgia
1Department of Biology and Physics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA. pachar@kennesaw.edu
Abstract:
This article describes the use of microscopy to prove the presence of the aflatoxin producing pathogen, Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries in commercially available edible peanuts in Georgia. Light microscopy in combination with electron microscopy has been used to describe the infection course established by the fungus. The alkali maceration technique used in the study was successful and sufficient to detect the kernel infection of A. flavus and monitor the infection percentage in edible peanuts. Percentage of infected kernel varied from one commercial outlet to another in the region. Briefly, peanut seeds from Cartersville had the highest percentage of A. flavus infection. Electron microscopy confirmed the seed-borne infection of this mold. Mycelium established inside the host tissues both intercellularly and intracellularly aided by active, continuous branching of young hyphae. Establishment of mycelium was also detected in the xylem vessels of roots indicative of systemic infection. Thus, edible peanuts can form an important source of inoculum and facilitate the spread of the fungus from one peanut to another in commercial outlets and elsewhere. Present study provides strong evidence that A. flavus can escape detection at selling points and lands in commercial outlets via edible peanuts. That these contaminated peanuts could pose public health hazards is discussed.
Insights
Microscopy confirmed Aspergillus flavus (aflatoxin producer) in Georgia peanuts. This common edible peanut pathogen can spread undetected, posing public health risks.
Area of Science:
- Food microbiology
- Plant pathology
- Mycology
Background:
- Aspergillus flavus is a significant pathogen that produces aflatoxins.
- Edible peanuts are a common food commodity susceptible to fungal contamination.
- Detecting and monitoring A. flavus in commercial peanuts is crucial for food safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To utilize microscopy to detect Aspergillus flavus in commercially available edible peanuts in Georgia.
- To describe the infection course and spread of A. flavus within peanut kernels.
- To assess the prevalence of A. flavus infection in different commercial outlets.
Main Methods:
- Light and electron microscopy were employed to visualize fungal presence and infection structures.
- Alkali maceration technique was used for effective detection and quantification of A. flavus in peanut kernels.
- Microscopic analysis detailed intercellular and intracellular mycelial establishment and systemic spread.
Main Results:
- Microscopy successfully detected Aspergillus flavus in edible peanuts from Georgia.
- The alkali maceration technique proved effective for identifying kernel infection.
- Infection percentages varied across commercial outlets, with Cartersville showing the highest prevalence.
- Electron microscopy confirmed seed-borne nature and systemic infection via xylem vessels.
Conclusions:
- Edible peanuts serve as a significant source for A. flavus inoculum and spread.
- A. flavus can evade detection at selling points, entering commercial supply chains via contaminated peanuts.
- Contaminated peanuts pose potential public health risks due to aflatoxin production.
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