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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Published on: April 6, 2017

Characterization of a new inhalable thymopentin formulation.

Lei Wang¹, Yu Zhang, Xing Tang

¹Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

|May 16, 2009

Summary

This study developed a novel dry powder inhalation formulation for thymopentin (TP5). The optimized formulation enhances aerosol performance and deep lung deposition, offering a promising new delivery method for TP5.

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Published on: July 25, 2020

Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Sciences
Drug Delivery Systems
Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

Thymopentin (TP5) is a peptide with therapeutic potential.
Efficient delivery of peptide drugs via inhalation requires specialized formulations.
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are a preferred method for pulmonary drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a novel dry powder formulation of thymopentin (TP5) for inhalation.
To optimize formulation composition for improved aerosolization and lung deposition.
To evaluate the impact of excipients on powder properties and performance.

Main Methods:

Co-spray drying of TP5 with various bulking agents (lactose, mannitol), dispersibility enhancer (leucine), and stabilizer (poloxamer 188).
Characterization using scanning electron microscopy, laser diffractometry, thermogravimetry, Twin Stage Impactor, and HPLC.
Evaluation of powder physical characteristics (angle of repose, tapped density, particle size) and aerodynamic behavior.

Main Results:

Formulation composition significantly influenced powder physical properties and aerodynamic behavior.
Increased leucine content (>63%) improved aerosolization by reducing particle aerodynamic diameter.
An optimal formulation (TP5/mannitol/leucine 10/18/72) achieved a tapped density of 0.31 g/cm³, aerodynamic diameter of 1.9 µm, and 45% in vitro deposition.
Poloxamer 188 primarily improved powder flowability rather than acting as a drug stabilizer.

Conclusions:

The developed TP5 dry powder formulation demonstrates enhanced aerosol performance.
The optimized formulation is suitable for deep lung deposition, indicating potential for effective pulmonary delivery.
Excipient selection, particularly leucine and poloxamer 188, is critical for successful DPI formulation.