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Skin Cancer

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Abnormal Proliferation

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

Published on: May 18, 2018

[Malignant melanoma].

J Göhl¹, W Hohenberger, S Merkel

¹Chirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum , Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Deutschland. jonas.goehl@uk-erlangen.de

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen

|May 16, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Malignant melanoma, a cancer with rising incidence, is staged using TNM classification based on tumor thickness and spread. Treatment involves surgical resection, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and potentially advanced therapies for advanced disease.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Dermatology

Context:

Malignant melanoma incidence is rapidly increasing.
Four histological subtypes exist: superficial spreading, nodular, acrolentiginous, and lentigo maligna melanoma.

Purpose:

To outline the TNM classification system for malignant melanoma.
To describe diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for melanoma management.

Summary:

TNM classification assesses tumor depth (Clark's level), thickness (Breslow's), ulceration, and metastasis (regional/distant).
Management includes adequate resection margins, sentinel lymph node biopsy for tumors >1 mm, and therapeutic lymph node dissection for metastases.
Advanced treatments like hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are options for specific cases.

Impact:

Provides a framework for accurate melanoma staging and treatment planning.
Highlights the importance of early detection and appropriate surgical intervention.
Informs therapeutic decisions for localized and metastatic malignant melanoma.