Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unfractionated heparin for hemodialysis: still the best option.

Seminars in dialysis·2010
Same author

Randomized controlled trial of clopidogrel plus aspirin to prevent hemodialysis access graft thrombosis.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2003
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

Contrast-induced nephropathy: pathogenesis and prevention.

Robert E Cronin1

  • 1University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. Robert.Cronin@va.gov

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|May 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common cause of acute kidney injury. While normal saline shows protective effects, the roles of sodium bicarbonate and N-acetylcysteine in preventing CIN remain uncertain.

More Related Videos

Mouse Model of Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
07:02

Mouse Model of Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Published on: February 10, 2026

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

Mouse Model of Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
07:02

Mouse Model of Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Published on: February 10, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a significant cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury, frequently linked to cardiovascular procedures.
  • High-risk patient groups include the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions like chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Key risk factors involve contrast agent volume and osmolality, potentially leading to renal medullary ischemia and direct cytotoxic effects via reactive oxygen species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis of contrast-induced nephropathy.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of various prophylactic strategies for CIN.
  • To discuss the current understanding of preventative measures and their limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on contrast-induced nephropathy.
  • Analysis of risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of preventative strategies including hydration, pharmacologic agents, and dialysis.

Main Results:

  • Normal saline is generally accepted as a protective measure against CIN.
  • The effectiveness of isotonic sodium bicarbonate and N-acetylcysteine in CIN prevention remains inconclusive.
  • Dialytic therapies have yielded mixed results and present logistical and economic challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CIN pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.
  • While hydration with normal saline is a standard preventative measure, further research is needed for other agents.
  • Current evidence does not strongly support routine use of sodium bicarbonate or N-acetylcysteine for CIN prevention, and dialysis is not a preferred method due to practical limitations.