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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar absorptivity (ε) or log ε on the y-axis (ordinate)...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
06:48

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

[Raman spectrum study on turquoise].

Quan-Li Chen1, Li-Jian Qi, Jing-Zhong Chen

  • 1Gemology Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China. chenquanli_0302@163.com

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Raman spectroscopy reveals the structural and vibrational characteristics of water and phosphate ([PO4(3-)]) tetrahedra in turquoise. Subtle spectral differences were observed between turquoise samples from different Chinese provinces.

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Area of Science:

  • Mineralogy and Spectroscopy
  • Geochemistry

Context:

  • Turquoise, a phosphate mineral, is analyzed for its structural and vibrational properties.
  • Raman spectroscopy is a key technique for characterizing mineral structures and bonding.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the structure of water and the vibrations of the [PO4(3-)] tetrahedron in turquoise using Raman spectroscopy.
  • To analyze turquoise samples from Hubei and Anhui provinces in China.

Summary:

  • Raman spectra indicate vibrations from water, hydroxyl units, and [PO4(3-)] tetrahedra in turquoise.
  • Specific bands are assigned to O-H stretching (3510-3440 cm⁻¹), H2O stretching (3290-3070 cm⁻¹), PO4 antisymmetric stretching (1200-1030 cm⁻¹), and bending vibrations (650-540 cm⁻¹ and 500-410 cm⁻¹).
  • Spectra from different localities are largely similar but show subtle variations.

Impact:

  • Provides detailed vibrational information contributing to the understanding of turquoise mineralogy.
  • Highlights the utility of Raman spectroscopy in distinguishing subtle mineral variations based on origin.