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Related Concept Videos

Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro
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Chaotic expression dynamics implies pluripotency: when theory and experiment meet.

Chikara Furusawa1, Kunihiko Kaneko

  • 1Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. furusawa@ist.osaka-u.ac.jp

Biology Direct
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PubMed
Summary

Cellular pluripotency is linked to chaotic gene expression dynamics, which are lost during differentiation. Restoring this chaotic expression may enable the recovery of pluripotency in determined cells.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro
11:37

Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro

Published on: November 24, 2015

Temporal Ordering of Dynamic Expression Data from Detailed Spatial Expression Maps
11:52

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Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
09:34

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

Published on: November 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cellular dynamics
  • Stem cell biology
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • Cell differentiation progressively restricts cell potential.
  • Distinguishing cellular states between pluripotent and terminally differentiated cells is a key challenge.
  • Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into multiple cell types, while terminally differentiated cells are fixed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of intracellular protein expression dynamics in cell differentiation.
  • To test the hypothesis that chaotic gene expression dynamics underlie cell pluripotency and heterogeneity.
  • To explore whether loss of pluripotency correlates with a loss of oscillatory gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a dynamical systems model of intracellular protein expression.
  • Proposed single-cell-level measurements using fluorescence microscopy and FACS analysis.
  • Analyzing time-series gene expression data to differentiate stochasticity from chaotic dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Simulations suggest cells with chaotic gene expression oscillations possess differentiation potential.
  • Loss of complex oscillations during development correlates with decreased pluripotency.
  • Hypothesize that chaotic oscillations maintain pluripotency and cellular heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Chaotic gene expression dynamics are proposed as a driver of pluripotency.
  • Loss of pluripotency during differentiation is associated with stabilized cellular states and reduced oscillations.
  • Restoring chaotic dynamics offers a potential strategy for recovering pluripotency in determined cells, aligning with iPS cell generation.