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Related Concept Videos

Hiatal Hernia01:25

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...
Abdominal Regions and Quadrants01:19

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
The simpler quadrants approach, which is more commonly used in medicine, subdivides the cavity with one horizontal and one vertical line that intersects at the patient's umbilicus (navel). The four quadrants...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis01:18

Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis

The human body is a complex system of interconnected parts, and the circulatory system plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. One key component of this system is the inferior vena cava, a large vein responsible for returning blood from the abdominopelvic viscera and abdominal walls to the heart.
The inferior vena cava is fed by numerous smaller veins. The lumbar veins, for instance, drain the posterior abdominal wall, emptying both directly into the inferior vena cava and into the...
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
Muscles that Move the Thigh01:20

Muscles that Move the Thigh

The thigh's motion is primarily governed by muscles originating in the pelvic girdle and inserted into the femur. One crucial muscle, the iliopsoas, is a combination of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles, sharing a common insertion point on the lesser trochanter of the femur.
Three other significant muscles are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. The gluteus maximus originates from the posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx, and the thoracolumbar fascia...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Clinical Application of 24 G Cannula Needle and 3-0 Polypropylene Suture in Vas Deferens Exploration
07:21

Clinical Application of 24 G Cannula Needle and 3-0 Polypropylene Suture in Vas Deferens Exploration

Published on: February 10, 2023

Inguinal hernia.

Sanjay Purkayastha1, Andre Chow, Thanos Athanasiou

  • 1Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review evaluates elective treatments for adult inguinal hernias, including expectant management and various surgical repairs. It provides evidence on the effectiveness and safety of these interventions for primary and recurrent hernias.

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Application of a New Mesh Fixation Method in Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair
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Application of a New Mesh Fixation Method in Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair

Published on: December 23, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Clinical Application of 24 G Cannula Needle and 3-0 Polypropylene Suture in Vas Deferens Exploration
07:21

Clinical Application of 24 G Cannula Needle and 3-0 Polypropylene Suture in Vas Deferens Exploration

Published on: February 10, 2023

Application of a New Mesh Fixation Method in Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair
05:15

Application of a New Mesh Fixation Method in Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair

Published on: December 23, 2022

Area of Science:

  • General Surgery
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Inguinal hernias are common, with male sex and advanced age as primary risk factors.
  • Potential complications include strangulation, intestinal obstruction, and infarction, with recurrence possible post-surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of elective treatments for primary unilateral, primary bilateral, and recurrent inguinal hernias in adults.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different inguinal hernia repair methods.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 24 studies (reviews, RCTs, observational studies) up to September 2007.
  • Searched Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and included harms alerts from regulatory agencies (FDA, MHRA).
  • Utilized GRADE evaluation for assessing the quality of evidence for interventions.

Main Results:

  • The review analyzed data from 24 eligible systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies.
  • A GRADE evaluation was performed to assess the quality of evidence for various interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Presents information on the effectiveness and safety of expectant management, open mesh repair, open suture repair, totally extraperitoneal (TEP) laparoscopic repair, and transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) laparoscopic repair.
  • Provides a comprehensive overview of treatment options for adult inguinal hernias.