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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Transtubular Endoscopic Posterolateral Decompression for L5-S1 Lumbar Lateral Disc Herniation
10:09

Transtubular Endoscopic Posterolateral Decompression for L5-S1 Lumbar Lateral Disc Herniation

Published on: October 14, 2022

Herniated lumbar disc.

Jo Jordan1, Kika Konstantinou, John O'Dowd

  • 1Arthritis Research Campaign National Primary Care Centre, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This systematic review evaluates treatments for herniated lumbar discs. Evidence suggests limited effectiveness for drug treatments, with various non-drug and surgical options available.

Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Clinical evidence synthesis
  • Spinal health

Background:

  • Herniated lumbar disc involves displacement of disc material, primarily affecting individuals aged 30-50.
  • Current drug treatments show limited efficacy for herniated disc management.
  • A male predominance (2:1 ratio) is observed in herniated disc prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of drug, non-drug, and surgical treatments for herniated lumbar disc.
  • To answer clinical questions regarding the impact of various interventions on herniated disc conditions.
  • To synthesize evidence from high-quality studies and clinical reviews.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic literature review up to July 2008, searching major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library).

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Transtubular Endoscopic Posterolateral Decompression for L5-S1 Lumbar Lateral Disc Herniation
10:09

Transtubular Endoscopic Posterolateral Decompression for L5-S1 Lumbar Lateral Disc Herniation

Published on: October 14, 2022

  • Included 49 systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies meeting inclusion criteria.
  • Incorporated safety alerts from regulatory agencies like the FDA and MHRA.

    • Main Results:

    • Evaluated the quality of evidence for numerous interventions using the GRADE system.
    • Identified a wide range of interventions for herniated lumbar disc, including conservative and surgical approaches.
    • Synthesized findings on the effectiveness and safety of treatments like NSAIDs, exercise, and discectomy.

    Conclusions:

    • The review presents data on the effectiveness and safety of diverse herniated lumbar disc interventions.
    • Interventions covered include acupuncture, exercise therapy, spinal manipulation, epidural corticosteroids, and various discectomy techniques.
    • Information on analgesics, antidepressants, heat, ice, massage, and traction is also provided.