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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model
04:11

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model

Published on: October 27, 2023

Adaptive glenoid bone remodeling simulation.

Gulshan B Sharma1, Richard E Debski2, Patrick J McMahon2

  • 1University of Pittsburgh, Swanson School of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; University of Calgary, Schulich School of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.

Journal of Biomechanics
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adaptive bone remodeling simulations can predict glenoid prosthesis fixation. This study developed and validated 2D finite element (FE) models to assess subject-specific glenoid bone changes, improving long-term implant success.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Glenoid prosthesis loosening is a primary cause of revision total shoulder arthroplasty.
  • Stress-induced bone remodeling can compromise long-term prosthesis fixation.
  • Static finite element (FE) simulations do not fully capture long-term bone-prosthesis interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate two-dimensional (2D) FE simulations for subject-specific adaptive glenoid bone remodeling.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of adaptive bone remodeling simulations in predicting long-term glenoid prosthesis fixation.
  • To establish a foundation for using FE simulations in designing and evaluating glenoid prostheses.

Main Methods:

  • Created 2D glenoid FE models from scapulae computed tomography (CT) images.
  • Implemented "element" and "node" simulation processes using the forward-Euler method for bone remodeling.
  • Validated simulations via statistical comparisons of predicted versus actual bone density and load conditions.

Main Results:

  • "Element" simulations demonstrated superior visual and quantitative agreement with actual bone density.
  • Correlation coefficients for "element" simulations ranged from 0.51 to 0.69 (p<0.001).
  • The developed FE models successfully computed subject-specific adaptive glenoid remodeling.

Conclusions:

  • Subject-specific FE glenoid bone remodeling simulations are a promising tool.
  • Combined with static FE stress analyses, these simulations can aid in glenoid prosthesis design and evaluation.
  • This study represents a significant step towards predicting long-term glenoid prosthesis fixation.