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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Protocol for Isolation of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Corresponding Major Populations of Non-parenchymal Liver Cells
08:47

Protocol for Isolation of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Corresponding Major Populations of Non-parenchymal Liver Cells

Published on: March 30, 2016

Primary human hepatocytes are protected against complement by multiple regulators.

Jarkko Halme1, Michael Sachse, Heiko Vogel

  • 1Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

Molecular Immunology
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) express complement regulatory proteins like CD59, which protect them from damage during inflammatory liver disorders. Pro-inflammatory cytokines modulate the expression of these protective proteins.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Protocol for Isolation of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Corresponding Major Populations of Non-parenchymal Liver Cells
08:47

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Isolation and Enrichment of Liver Progenitor Subsets Identified by a Novel Surface Marker Combination
08:52

Isolation and Enrichment of Liver Progenitor Subsets Identified by a Novel Surface Marker Combination

Published on: February 18, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Inflammatory liver disorders involve complement activation at the site of complement protein synthesis.
  • Hepatocytes are potential targets of complement-mediated damage.
  • Understanding complement regulation in hepatocytes is crucial for managing liver inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression and protective function of complement regulatory proteins in primary human hepatocytes (PHH).
  • To determine how pro-inflammatory cytokines influence complement regulator expression and function in PHH.

Main Methods:

  • Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) were analyzed for complement regulator expression using cytofluorometry, rtPCR, confocal microscopy, and ELISA.
  • Cytotoxicity assays were performed to assess PHH susceptibility to complement-mediated lysis.
  • Inhibition experiments were conducted to identify key protective complement regulators.

Main Results:

  • PHHs express CD46, CD55, CD59, soluble CD59 (sCD59), and factor H (fH), but not CD35.
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6) differentially modulated the expression of CD55 and CD59.
  • CD59 was identified as the most effective protein in protecting PHHs from complement-mediated lysis.

Conclusions:

  • Primary human hepatocytes are protected by multiple complement regulatory proteins, including CD59, CD55, CD46, sCD59, and fH.
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a critical role in controlling the expression of these protective proteins.
  • CD59 is pivotal in safeguarding hepatocytes against complement-mediated damage in inflammatory liver conditions.